Ignacy Jan Paderewski GBE ( November 18, Kuryłówka, New York, 1860 - June 29, 1941) was a Polish pianist, composer, diplomat and politician. He was Prime Minister of Poland. Sometimes one uses the German-language version of his name: Ignaz Paderewski.
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Life Course[Edit][]
Ignacy Jan Paderewski was born in the village of Kuryłówka in the province of Podolia, in the Russia Empire (now Ukraine). His father was an administrator of large estates. His mother, Poliksena (née Nowicka), died several months after Paderewski was born, and he was brought up by distant relatives.
From his early childhood Paderewski was interested in music. Initially he took private lessons; on his twelfth year, in 1872, he went to Warsaw and was admitted to the Szkoła Główna Muzyki (main school of music) , the later Frédéric Chopin music Academy(Akademia Muzyczna imPolish: . Chopina, matte satin (AMFC)) there. After he succeeded was in 1878 , he was asked to become a teacher to his Alma Mater, which he accepted. Paderewski married Antonina Korsakówna with In 1880 , and soon after their first child was born. The following year, they discovered that their son was disabled, and shortly thereafter died Antonina. Paderewski decided to devote himself to music, and in 1881 he went to Berlin to study composition with Friedrich Kiel and Heinrich Urban. In 1884 he moved to Vienna, where he was pupil of Teodor Leszetycki. It was also in Vienna that he made his musical debut, in 1887. He soon gained great popularity and his subsequent appearances in Paris, in 1889, and in London, in 1890 were a great success. His game acquired a great admiration and furore in the United States in 1891. Its name became synonymous with the highest level of virtuosity on the piano, and the society lay at his feet. Because of this unusual combination of world class as a pianist and successful politician is Paderewski has become a favourite example of philosophers, and is often discussed in relation to Saul Kripke's "A Puzzle about Belief ' as someone who two vastly different qualities.
[1]The Paderewski in Warsaw'sUjazdów Park monument.[2]Paderewski the pianist.
In 1899 , he married again, with Baroness de Rosen.
As a composer he has written a lot of piano pieces. In 1901 his sole opera Manru , which premiered in Dresden and in 1902 in the Metropolitan Opera was staged in America.
He was also active as a social worker. In 1910 he Krakow gave the monument for the battle of Tannenberg (1410).In 1913 in the United States established Paderewski. There, he met the future president (and enthusiastic pianist)Harry s. Truman at a concert in Kansas City.
During the first world war, Paderewski was an active member of the Polish National Committee (from 1917 to 1919) in Paris, where he soon was accepted as representative of Poland and spokesman for this organization. He founded several other social and political organizations, including the Polish Relief Fund in London.
In april 1918 in New York City he met the leaders of the American Jewish Committee, including Louis b. Marshall, in a failed attempt to organize a transaction in which Jewish groups in America would support Polish territorial ambitions in Exchange for support for the equal rights movement in America. However, soon it was clear that this plan no mercy was made in the eyes of the Jewish leaders and Roman Dmowski, the head of the Polish National Committee. [1]
At the end of the war, when the fate of the city and the entire region of Large Poznań Poland (Wielkopolska) was still undecided, Paderewski visited Poznań.With his public speech on 27 december 1918 began the Large Polish rebellion against Germany (from 1918 to 1919). In 1919, in the newly independent Poland, Paderewski became Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs (January 1919-december 1919), and represented Poland in that capacity on the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. In the summer of that year, he signed the Treaty of Versailles, which the German provinces Posen and West Prussia assigned to Poland, and the city ofGdansk placed under the supervision of the League of Nations .
Abandoned by many of his political supporters Paderewski handed Piłsudski his resignation letter on 4 december 1919 and he then took the role of Polish Ambassador to the League of Nations in itself.
In 1922 he retired from politics and returned to the music. His first concert after long break, that he held in Carnegie Hall, was a considerable success. He also filled Madison Square Garden(with 20,000 seats) and toured the United States in a private rail car. [2] soon he moved to Morges in Switzerland. After the coup d'etat of Paderewski 's coup D ' état in 1926 was an active member of the opposition to Sanacja regime. In 1936 was in his house signed the document of the coalition of the opposition; It was nicknamed Front Morges after the name of the village in which setting it up took place.
[3]Paderewski
By 1936, two years after the death of his wife, Paderewski consented to Mme. to act in a movie to show his talents. This proposal came at a time when Paderewski no more for the public wanted to occur, but the movie was still made.
In november 1937 Paderewski again took a pupil to, his last. It was Witold Małcużyński, who in 1932 the second place at the International Frederick Chopin Piano Competition had won. (The first place was awarded to the Russian Uninski).
After the Polish campaign of 1939 Paderewski returned back to public life. In 1940 , he was the head of the Polish National Council, a Polish Parliament in exile in London. The 80-year-old artist also started his Polish Relief Fund and gave several concerts to raise funds. However, his mental state was no longer what it had been. He refused to appear for a concert at Madison Square Garden, in which he insisted that he had already given the concert, at which he might be in the concert that he had given in 1920 reminded. [2]
During such a tour in 1941 , Paderewski became ill on June 27 of that year. On the initiative of Sylwin Strakacz, physicians were consulted, that pneumonia found. Despite increasing health and signs of recovery Paderewski died suddenly in New York, at 11: 00 in the evening on June 29. He was buried inArlington National Cemetery, in Arlington Virginia, near Washington D.C.. In 1992, his remains were transferred to Warsaw and Placed in St. John's Cathedral (Polish: św. Jana Chrzciciela) again buried. His heart is accommodated in a bronze statue in the National Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa near Doylestown, Pennsylvania. [3]
Awards[Edit][]
- Virtuti Militari
- Légion d'honneur
- In 1925 he became honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire. As a result, he was allowed to use in his letters, the letters GBE but not the title "Sir Ignacy". [4] ).
- Honorary doctorates of the University of Lwów (1912) to Kraków , the Jagiellonian University (1919), the University of Poznań (1924), and several universities in the United States.
References[Edit][]
- The Paderewski Memoirs. Ed. Mary Lawton. London, Collins, 1939
- Riff, Michael, The Face of Survival: Jewish Life in Eastern Europe Past and Present. Valentine Mitchell, London, 1992, ISBN 0-85303-220-3.
- Melissa Chavez, "Paderewski-From Poland to Paso Robles (California): Paderewski's dream returns". Paso Robles Magazine, September 2007
- Padarewski as I Knew Him. Aniela Strakacz (transl. by Halina Chybowska). New Brunswick, Rutgers University Press, 1949.