Franz Joseph Haydn (also used the name Franz Josef; he didn't) (Rohrau, 31 March 1732 - Vienna, 31 May 1809) was a Austrian composer.
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Life Course[Edit][]
Haydn was born in Rohrau on 31 March 1732. He came from a fairly poor Austrian family. His father was Matthias Wheelwright. Joseph had a pretty difficult childhood.When he was five years old, his uncle, Mathias Francktook him to the town of Hainburg, where he went to school and got music lessons. At the age of eight he wassoprano in the Boys Choir of the Stephansdom in Vienna. There he remained for nine years, the last four with his brother Michael. His voice came very late in that change. Although his mentor Georg Reuter tried to persuade him to be neutered, has Joseph, partly at the urging of his father, refused to undergo this risky procedure.When his voice changed, was left him nothing but resigned from the choir. He had already determined that he would be rejected, what his parents very much: they found that their son more for the priesthood in the cradle had been laid. Of course, a life as lived him, certainly for the next few years, much more grip, but he chose a harder way. The following years were heavy. Michael Spangler offered him happy an attic room in the Michaelerhaus at the Kohlmarkt in Vienna. Haydn held itself with what worked odd jobs in life, such as playing in ensembles, giving music instruction and guiding singers such as Nicola Porpora. The latter brought him into contact with well-known opera composers such as Christoph Willibald Gluck, Georg Christoph Wagenseil and Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf.
After four years in 1755 Haydn got finally found a permanent respect as Kapellmeister at the Court of Count von Morzin in Luka witz, thanks to Count von Fürnberg. In1761 , the Orchestra was lifted and EisenstadtHaydn came to Paul II Anton Esterházy, in case of frost. This was a year later by his brother Nicholas I Joseph succeeded.In Palace Esterházy he would remain until 1790 . As Kapellmeister and court composer , he had a lot of work, because the Esterházy's were great lovers of culture.Haydn has written many works for the Royal Orchestra. Although Haydn little was in contact with major music centres such as Vienna, he acquired fame by the many customers who came to visit at the frost. Between about 1765 and 1775 appoints one his work with "Sturm und Drang": it is full of fast alternating chords, abrupt changes and minor harmonies.
[1]Joseph Haydn
During his stay with the Esterházy's Haydn wrote a very large number of works, including piano works, songs and 125 baritonetrio's; Nicolaus Bailey from on this gamba-like instrument. Haydn composed 24 further operas. Haydn met MozartIn 1782 ; After the death of Nicolaus in 1790 Haydn went to London. There he wrote the last 12 of its 106symphonies. He stayed in London in 1791-1792 and 1794-1795.
In 1795 he finally returned back to Vienna. He worked there until his death in 1809 mainly engaged in religious music. Many missing and two oratorios, Creation and Die Jahreszeiten he has written. These works were his last and still witnessed by a great power of creation. But because in the meantime a new musical language and other composers in the interest came ( Beethoven, among others with whom Haydn not so best could get along) fell this work initially not the attention at share that they deserved.Today they again get their rightful place in the concert hall and the cd catalog.
Meaning[Edit][]
Haydn has great influence on the history of music. In his earliest works, he was very influenced by the Baroque style, but Haydn developed into a classical composer and with him developed the music in General. He stood at the base of the formation of the four-movement Symphony and contributed to the development of the sonata form. He developed the String Quartet and gave it its form by the four strings on an equivalent level. Haydn wrote 68 string quartets. In our time have especially this renewed appreciation of Haydn quartets. His fame during his lifetime was already so great that many works of tweederangscomponisten were issued under his name, which in some pieces the identity of the author is pretty iffy. "The superficial musician or listener understands the subcutaneous humor and inventiveness of Haydn just inadequate. Compare it to Couperin or Rameau -there you also get no hands for each other. " [1]
Haydn's works are both denoted by 'opus' numbers as with the Hoboken-Verzeichnis classification system.
Compositions[Edit][]
- Concertos by Joseph Haydn
- Die sieben letzten Worte unseres Erlösers am Kreuze
- Masses by Joseph Haydn
- Operas by Joseph Haydn
- String quartets by Joseph Haydn
- Symphonies of Joseph Haydn
Trivia[Edit][]
According to some biographers is his true date of birth april 1, but this date would be forged because that day was considered as narrendag.